From looking at HIV and how it destructs and deteriorates the body, I wanted to use this term to represent and explore the nature of violent crime and the deterioration of society and its values. Moral decay and lack enequality of our society has prompted Marginalisation, leading people to turn to crime as a response to their problems. Material deprivation is the most common result of marginalization, when looking at how unfairly material resources (such as food and shelter) are dispersed in society. Along with material deprivation, marginalized individuals are also excluded from services, programs, and policies (Young, 2000). Ensuing poverty, psychoemotional damage, and its resulting diseases often result in catastrophic damage to lives, health, and psyche. In gay men, results of psychoemotional damage from marginalization from both heterosexual society and from within mainstream homosexual society include bug chasing (purposeful acts to acquire HIV), suicide, and drug addiction. Globalization (global-capitalism), immigration, social welfare and policy are broader social structures that have the potential to contribute negatively to one's access to resources and services, resulting in marginalization of individuals and groups. Similarly, increasing use of information technology and company outsourcing have contributed to job insecurity and a widening gap between the rich and the poor. Welfare states and social policies can also exclude individuals from basic necessities and support programs. Welfare payments were proposed to assist individuals in accessing a small amount of material wealth (Young, 2000). Young (2000) further discusses how “the provision of the welfare itself produces new injustice by depriving those dependent on it of rights and freedoms that others have…marginalization is unjust because it blocks the opportunity to exercise capacities in socially defined and recognized way” (p. 41). There is the notion that by providing a minimal amount of welfare support, an individual will be free from marginalization. In fact, welfare support programs further lead to injustices by restricting certain behaviour, as well the individual is mandated to other agencies. The individual is forced into a new system of rules while facing social stigma and stereotypes from the dominant group in society, further marginalizing and excluding individuals (Young, 2000).
"Isolation is common to almost every vocational, religious or cultural group of a large city. Each develops its own sentiments, attitudes, codes, even its own words, which are at best only partially intelligible to others." (Frederic Thrasher, The Gang: A Study of 1,313 Gangs in Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1927)
Functionalist Merton(1968) He sees inequality or oppurtunity as the major cause of crime and delinquency, and implies that measures to increase equal oppurtunity will solve many of society's problems.
Lea, in each people are differently treated. Policies tend to become more localised in focus. Ghettos and suburbs are seen as having different policing needs and are treated differently. Thus, the criminaljustice system starts to take accounts of peoples diverse lifestyles and needs. Lea sees some of these changes as welcome. While others carrying dangers. For example, dangers such as 'Ghettos' will either be left alone to fend for themselves, or that they will be repressed through military-style policing. If people are treated as consumers, then those with no spending power will be less likely to have their needs met. No on can afford private security in the areas where people are most likely to be the victims of crimes.
Subculture - Lea and young - see subcultures aas the collective solution to a group's problems. A group of individuals share a sense of relative deprivation, they will develop lifestyles which allow them to cope with this problem. However, a particular subculture is not an automatic inevitable response to a situation. For example, second-generation west indian immigrants' subcultural solutions to their problems include The Rastafarian and Pentecostalist religions, as well as 'hustling' money and street crime. Lea and young stress that crime is only 'one aspect, though generally a small one, of the process of cultural adaption to oppression.'
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZaTEIyo8rk
http://www.123helpme.com/assets/13274.html
‘A Clockwork Orange’ is set in a futuristic dystopian Britain, where old certainties and order appear to be absent. The violence demonstrated in the opening scenes appears to be a symptom rather than the cause of the society’s breakdown. It is a grimy dystopian setting that only the young criminals appear to seek refuge, particularly after dark where ‘the night was still very young’. The darkness provides the seclusion needed for an individual to exist and make their choices with freedom.
The narrative of ‘A Clockwork Orange’ is communicated in first-person and therefore Burgess gives a personal voice to Alex, distancing the reader from the reality of events through the employment of ‘Nadsat’ a mixture of Russian and ‘Cockney’ colloquialisms. Burgess makes use of first-person narration to give insight into the mind of the protagonist, Alex directly appealing to the reader in a polite manner addressing them that ‘It would interest me greatly, brother, if you would kindly allow me...’ However, despite the friendly tone of the prose the reader is witness to the senseless brutality he inflicts upon others such as the ‘old veck’ who ‘starts moaning a lot’, describing the brutal mugging of a pensioner. Burgess’ clever linguistic manipulation leaves the reader not fully digesting the horror of the attack but is cushioned from the impact as the new words do not carry the same intensity. The attacks have echoes of youth violence that Burgess witnessed against his own wife from American soldiers stationed in Europe.
Burgess is direct in ridiculing many prominent characteristics of teen culture, such as their pop music which is illustrated when Alex ‘cracked’ the drugged-man in the Korova Milkbar because of his hatred of the song ‘You Blister My Paint’ illustrating the futility of youth violence. He is derisive in describing the accessories of youth culture, denigrating their collective fashion sense describing their ‘black very tight tights’ creating a fashion that belongs in the Elizabethan period. He does not offer the reader the opportunity to apply any great depth to the youth culture, portraying it as complacent, regarding the rebelliousness of the Droogs as shallow and superficial. Burgess, a musician and composer himself, disapproved of pop music enjoyed by the youth in the 1950s and 1960s, indicating that he carries no love for youth culture, but this distance allows the reader to view the children, in spite of their sadistic mannerisms, as children. In the Korova Milk bar the reader is told that they ‘hadn’t been more than ten minutes away’ from the women ‘in the Duke of New York’ implying that the older women maternally protect the characters obvious juvenility.
Burgess employs ‘Nadsat’ combining Russian and English suggesting that Alex’s society is encouraged by two major influences of Burgess’s time, American capitalist democracy and Soviet Communism, linking them together and making them in closer proximity than the reader would envisaged. Russian culture was pertinent in the period of the novella with businesses such as ‘The Korova Milkbar’ which ‘sold milk plus something else’. Their drinking of milk is suggestive of the immaturity of the boys in conjunction with the defenselessness of the State’s citizens.
*The Inherent Evil of Government
Just as A Clockwork Orange champions free will, it deplores the institution of government, which systematically seeks to suppress the individual in favor of the collective, or the state. Alex articulates this notion when he contends, in Part One, Chapter 4, that modern history is the story of individuals fighting against large, repressive government “machines.” As we see in A Clockwork Orange, the State is prepared to employ any means necessary to ensure its survival. Using technological innovation, mass-market culture, and the threat of violence, among other strategies, the State seeks to control Alex and his fellow citizens, who are least dangerous when they are most predictable. The State also does not tolerate dissent. Once technology helps to clear its prisons by making hardened criminals harmless, the State begins incarcerating dissidents, like F. Alexander, who aim to rouse public opinion against it and thus threaten its stability.
Original Sin over environmental behaviorism
The oppression of Socialism
Immaturity of youth culture
In a prefatory note to A Clockwork Orange: A Play with Music, he wrote that the title was a metaphor for "...an organic entity, full of juice and sweetness and agreeable odour, being turned into an automaton (robot/mechanism)."
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